Państwo i Kościół w myśli św. Tomasza z Akwinu i Marsyliusza z Padwy

The article is devoted to the issue of the relationship between the secular power of the State and the spiritual power of the Church in the thought of two eminent scholars of the late medieval period – St. Thomas Aquinas and Marsilius of Padua. The author analyzes these generally opposite theories, paying special attention to the concept of grace and its relation to nature as the basis of the political thought of these thinkers, as well as the significant influence of Aristotle's ideas on both Aquinas and Marsilius.