Aktorzy, kreatorzy, konsumenci widowiska sportowego. Rzecz o polskich klubowych kibicach piłkarskich

The article presents a typology of football supporters illustrated by the example of Polonia Warszawa supporters. The aim of the paper is to describe activities and attitudes of supporters and to assess to what extent the proposed typology modifies and enriches previous studies. As a basis for comparison the article uses a popular division of football fans into ultras, hooligans, pseudo-fans, “picnics”, as well as the typology presented by Antonowicz and Wrzesiński (2009) which describes supporters as members of a specific religion group. Qualitative techniques were used in the research, including semi-structured interviews and hidden participant observation. The main factors which differentiate the football audience are: age, stadium attendance seniority, involvement in team supporting during the game and group membership. The proposed new typology of football supporters distinguishes eight categories: leaders, ultras movement, associated supporters, activists, match fanatics, soul-supporters, precursors and spectators.