Key persons who influenced behavior of mothers with young children and information resources during the COVID-19 pandemic in Japan

During the COVID-19 pandemic, a variety of information influenced people’s behavior. Women often have the role of primary caregivers of children who are less likely to independently adopt appropriate preventive behaviors. In addition, since mothers of young children could be considered one of the most vulnerable groups during a pandemic, identifying their influential persons and sources of information, and reducing undesirable impacts of these on mothers need to be considered. This study explored key persons who influenced behavior of mothers with young children and information resources during the pandemic and described some of these cases that were undesirable for the mothers. In June 2020, based on cluster sampling an online survey was conducted, and a total of 2,489 mothers with young children from all 47 prefectures in Japan participated in the survey. Depending on the child-rearing status, the results varied significantly. Mothers who cared for their children only at home were significantly more influenced by their husbands and parents/other family members. In contrast, mothers whose children received care from others were significantly more influenced by children’s teachers, colleagues, and prefectural governors of residential areas. Both groups of mothers spent the most time in acquiring information through TV news and Internet news, respectively. However, compared to mothers who cared for their children only at home, mothers whose children received care from others obtained more information from formal resources. Regardless of parenting status, undesirable aspects of TV news and talk shows were described, and these may have a direct/indirect impact on mothers with young children. During the pandemic, TV would need to report on the difficult situation parents and children are facing, rather than critically broadcasting their behavior.