Rola i miejsce sektora państwowego we współczesnej gospodarce

The article is devoted to the role and the place of the public sector and publicly owned enterprises in the modern economy. The analysis shows also, that the public sector still occupies an important place in the market economy countries. Mostly the main role of the public sector is to produce public goods. However, the state acts as the subject property relations, causing debate among scientists and practitioners on the future of the state in the economy as owner, its limits and optimal participation in relation to the market. Substantiate, it is not easy to assess quantitatively the role of the public sector in the economy due to the diversity in definitional approaches and the discrepancy in the international statistics, which determines the public sector of economy of the polish and foreign scientists to this definitions are described; the definition of the state economic sector in terms of the authors of this article is given. The types of publicly owned enterprises are analyzed from the perspective of “cleanliness” participation of the state and the de facto corporate control, affecting to implementation of the fundamental rights of ownership of the enterprises. The article is analyzed the role of the public sector of the items contribution to the GDP and employment (in relation to private enterprises) and includes the problem of optimization the public and private sectors in the modern economy. The study showed no indication optimum state participation in the economy. It has been proven that the desirability of the operation of publicly owned enterprises can be considered only in comparison of these processes in different countries from the point of view of their influence on economic progress; moreover, the participation of the public sector not can be optimally fixed once and for all, because the economy is always carried out a dynamic process of redistribution of property between the public and private sectors. It was found that the market economy is still impossible without the state support, but its role should not extend beyond the level of necessity.