The state of navigation development in Poland at the turn of the 20th century

In this paper there are presented the basic and common problems of all kinds of modern navigation, in Poland, on the turn of the 20-th century. The attempt is made to present the basic trends of navigation's development which will still be valid in the first decades of the 21-st century. a special regard has been taken to the Polish Navigational Forum, i.e. to the Polish educational and research institutions and circles professionally engaged in the different kinds and aspects of today's navigation.