Twin Minus Total Domination Numbers In Directed Graphs

Let $ D = (V,A) $ be a finite simple directed graph (shortly, digraph). A function $ f : V \rightarrow {−1, 0, 1} $ is called a twin minus total dominating function (TMTDF) if $ f(N^−(v)) \ge 1 $ and $ f(N^+(v)) \ge 1 $ for each vertex $ v \in V $. The twin minus total domination number of $D$ is $\gamma_{mt}^\ast (D) = \text{min} \{ w(f) | f $ is a TMTDF of $ D \} $. In this paper, we initiate the study of twin minus total domination numbers in digraphs and we present some lower bounds for $ \gamma_{mt}^\ast (D) $ in terms of the order, size and maximum and minimum in-degrees and out-degrees. In addition, we determine the twin minus total domination numbers of some classes of digraphs.