Scarcity of fresh water resources is the major constraint for agricultural development in Iran as in many other regions
with arid and semi-arid climate. With the pressure on fresh water resources, the use of un-conventional water resources
including brackish, saline and sewage water has received greater attentions in recent years. The objective of this study was
to assess the impact of farmers' practices using saline groundwater on wheat yield and soil salinity in a Mediterranean climate
of Fars province in southern Iran. The study was carried out in several commercial wheat production regions for two
years. Chemical analysis of irrigation waters, volume of applied irrigation water, electrical conductivity of soil saturation
extract (ECe) and yield were measured in each field. General information on agronomic practices was also collected using
a questionnaire. Results demonstrate that waters with salinities higher than what has been classified as “suitable for irrigation”
are being used for the production of wheat crop. Analysis of wheat yield response to saline irrigation water showed
that for water salinities up to 10.7 mS∙cm–1 (threshold value) variation in yield was relatively minor, above which wheat
yield decreased at a greater rate. Root zone salinity profiles showed the effect of winter rainfall in reducing soil salinity. It
is concluded that although acceptable yields are obtained with some of the highly brackish waters, over application of these
waters would threaten the sustainability of crop production in the region.
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