Napędy trakcyjne z zasobnikami energii (typy, konfiguracje, ograniczenia)

W ostatnich latach można zaobserwować intensywny rozwój konstrukcji pojazdów z napędem autonomicznym, w szczególności dotyczy to pojazdów komunikacji miejskiej - autobusów elektrycznych, trolejbusów i tramwajów. Wiele miast w Polsce już eksploatuje bądź przygotowuje się do zakupu autobusów elektrycznych, także tramwaje są już wyposażane w zasobniki energii. Zasobniki takie najczęściej wykorzystują baterie akumulatorów i/lub baterie superkondensatorów.

In the paper structures of traction drives with Energy Storage Systems were presented. The serial structures as most popular in traction vehicles were described. Example block diagrams of a series hybrid systems with five main subsystems, i.e. one primary power source (PPS), one ESS, one traction eąuipment, one APS and its loads, and one brake resistor as a secondary power sink were presented. Basic modes ofoperation with energy flows were described, showing limitations of modes of particular configurations. Traction characteristics of vehicle equipped with traction systems with integrated Energy Storage Systems were discussed, showing ways of reduction of peak power consumptions during acceleration of ve-h/c/e. The energy and power available from the ESS are limited and therefore the maximum power and maximum velocityare a/so limited in such degraded mode operation. For these examples the behavior of the power supply by Energy Storage System is assumed to be constant within a certain speed range, but can have different behavior depending on ESS technologies.