Spalinowe wagony i zespoły trakcyjne w obsłudze ruchu regionalnego w Polsce

Dostawy spalinowych pojazdów trakcyjnych w ostatnich kilkunastu latach w Polsce pozwoliły nie tylko na utrzymanie, ale także na rozszerzenie oferty przewozów pasażerskich na niezelektryfikowanych liniach kolejowych. Kluczową rolę odegrała tu postawa samorządów regionalnych, które dokonały znaczących zakupów taboru, udostępniając go następnie spółce Przewozy Regionalne i nowo powstałym przewoźnikom samorządowym. Po zrealizowanych do końca 2015 r. dostawach pojazdów z napędem spalinowym można uznać, iż rynek osiągnął stan względnego nasycenia. W niniejszym artykule scharakteryzowano dostawy taboru w poszczególnych regionach oraz parametry techniczne i eksploatacyjne nowego taboru.

The number of vehicles equipped with diesel engines supplied for the rail operators in Poland has reached as many as should be finally yet. Although some operators order next vehicles, but the dynamics of this process steadily declining. Of the initial manufacturers - Pesa, Newag, ZNTK Poznan and Kolzam, two companies has remained until today - Pesa and Newag, others went into bankruptcy. These successful manufacturers have relatively stable position on the Polish market, and they have done implement already export orders. With the specificity of the railway network in Poland, where most lines are electrified, and the role of vehicles with diesel drive could be rather marginal. In addition, diesel cars and units could be used on electrified lines, if number of passengers is low. Certainly do-main of diesel vehicles is the Poland-Germany border railway lines, because in the event of further electrification of border crossings, since the current low volume of traffic is unlikely to persuade operators to purchase a dual-mode electric rolling stock. Communication Poland - Czech Republic / Slovakia, despite the lack of barriers in the form of a different voltage in the catenary, as in the case of Germany, has not resulted in massive employment of electrical units. If in case of the Czech Republic the local border crossings traffic level is rela¬tively small (low passenger volumes) and exploitation there of light diesel vehicles are adequate. In the case of Slovakia, the conventional trains are used (locomotive + cars), not EMU. In addition, most border crossings railway lines on both borders are non-electrified. The seasonal railway connection with Lith-uania was opened in July 2016 using diesel units, while for the other Polish neighbours, who are not members of the EU, similar connections are rather cancelled than inaugurated.