Economic development of nations leads to a higher living comfort of the society. Rich societies want to move
safely and independently and demand immediate availability of purchased goods or – in the case of Internet shopping
– delivery in the shortest possible time. Such an approach facilitates a continuous growth in the number of road
vehicles. At the current level of technology advancement, an increasing number of vehicles results in a growth of the
consumption of fossil fuels, which entails increased exhaust emissions and that, in turn, has a negative impact on the
health of the living organisms. Another negative consequence of an increased number of vehicles (increased road
congestion) is the emission of noise. This problem is particularly significant in large agglomerations where people are
surrounded by moving vehicles. This paper presents the extent of influence of the automotive industry on the natural
environment and the extent of changes in vehicle design and organization of road infrastructure that were instituted to
reduce the transport’s environmental burden. The further part of the paper presents a definition of the development of
sustainable transport, its advantages and hurdles that we may encounter when modernizing a transport system.
Subsequently in the paper, the measurements under actual vehicle operating conditions were described together with
the possibilities of analysis of the research results and the advantages resulting from such an approach during the
assessment of the impact of the automotive industry on the natural environment.
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