This publication presents UAV rope and pneumatic launchers constructed and operated in the Air Force Institute of Technology. The construction and operating principle were presented, and functional properties of the UAV take-off pneumatic launcher were characterised. Furthermore, a detailed diagram of the take-off pneumatic launcher was shown, and an operating principle of the launcher take-off system and pneumatic control of the take-off procedure were discussed. The operation parameters of the most important operational elements (main ball valve, semi-rotary actuator, pneumatic valves controlling the flow) from the launcher pneumatic system were specified. On the basis of data sheets of pneumatic elements, a calculation model of the mass flow (volumetric flow rate) of compressed air flowing through the main valve (ball valve in the take-off cylinder supply line) of the take-off pneumatic launcher was designed. The possible cracks, through which compressed air leaks and the take-off cylinder dead sections during the main valve opening and shot, were characterised and discussed. The calculation model designed for individual leaks and total compressed air leaks in the take-off line of the pneumatic launcher was presented. Based on the mass flow model (volumetric flow rate) of compressed air flowing through the main valve, and total compressed air leaks, the relationship of compressed air energy losses depending on opening time of the main valve of the take-off pneumatic launcher was determined. In the paper, the results of simulation studies for the times shorter than data sheets of the main valve opening were presented. In addition, the change of the compressed air disposable energy losses was defined. Based on the results of simulation studies, the opening time of the take-off launcher main valve for the acceptable disposable energy loss level of the take-off pneumatic launcher was specified.
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