The application of waste heat from exhaust gas of ship’s main
engines has become widely practiced as early as in the 1930s. Thus the increase of ship’s overall efficiency was improved. Nowadays all newly built
ships of the 400 gross tonnage and above must have specified energy efficiency design index, which is a measure for CO2 emissions of the ship and
its impact on the environment. Therefore, the design of waste heat recovery systems requires special attention. The use of these systems is one of
the basic ways to reduce CO2 emissions and to improve the ship’s energy
efficiency. The paper describes the ship’s heating systems designed for the
use of waste heat contained in the exhaust gas of self-ignition engines, in
which the heat carriers are respectively water vapor, water or thermal oil.
Selected results of comparative exergy analysis of simplified steam, water
and oil heating systems have been presented. The results indicate that the
oil heating system is comparable to the water system in terms of internal
exergy losses. However, larger losses of exergy occur in the case of a steam
system. In the steam system, a significant loss is caused by the need to cool
the condensate to avoid cavitation in boiler feed pumps. This loss can in
many cases cause the negative heat balance of ship during sea voyage while
using only the exhaust gas boilers.
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