Współczesne spalarnie odpadów a ochrona środowiska

Basic notions were defined and the nomenclature made use of in thermal processes of waste disposal were systemized. Particular consideration was given to a safe incineration of waste substances and to reliable methods of reducing the emis-sion of hazardous species in the course of municipal waste combustion. It was found that a controlled air stream, a variable composition of the gas stream entering the combustion chamber, recirculation of the fly ash (after appropriate processing) into the furnace zone, application of sorbents, and injection of ammonia reduced considerably atmospheric emissions of toxic substances from the incinerator. Attention was also directed to some novel methods enabling conversion of the wastes into a fuel that might be used to fire power-plant boilers (ORFA and Holler process). Gasification combined with methanol production seems to give promise for the future.