Żydki, gudłaje, parchy and other shameful words for Jews. Anti-Semitism imprinted in the old and modern Polish lexis

The paper analyses the Polish lexis, recorded in dictionaries (since the 19th century) and the National Corpus of Polish (NKJP), which refl ects the social attitudes that could be described as anti-Semitic. It discusses words expressing aversion, contempt, hostility, which carry a strong markedness that refers to the established negative stereotype of the Jew. Ethnonyms and their colloquial equivalents, words derived from an ethnonym, and its metaphorical neosematisms were used as the material for the description (the already examined paroemia and idiomatic expressions are outside the scope of the author’s interests).