Józef Maria Bocheński wobec niepodległości (po roku 1989)

After 1989, Bocheński published three texts (two articles and a book) devoted to the direction in which Poland should move. In the first he criticized Miłosz's article "Denominational state?". He claimed that Polish tradition is closer to the medieval rather than the ancient settlement of the relationship between the state and the Church. And so it is the "religious state". In the second article he specified his views on nationality and the denominational state, admitting to the federalist tradition, but also appreciating Dmowski's tradition. In turn, the last publication is "Sketches collected" from 1932-38, which is an attempt to synthesize nationalism and Catholicism (the author emphasizes in the introduction that although he rejects many old views today, many others still preach). The case of Bocheński (hesitation between pluralism, liberal democracy and unity and nationalism in close connection with Catholicism) is an early example of the dilemma faced by the Polish rightist political and philosophical thought after 1989.