Próba charakterystyki procesu rozumowania. Studium krytyczno-analityczne

In the present paper the author collects and critically evaluates some model, psychological grasps of the process of deductive reasoning. The theories based on formal logic are subjected to analysis (Piaget, Henle) and those based on natural logic (Braine, Rips, Johnson-Laird) as well as the two-element, cognitive-affective theories (Lewicka, McGuire, Evans). In view of the cognitive description the theories which are most in accord with the real process of reasoning are those models which adhere to the natural logical principles. The two-element models, however, seem to be more general, giving an opportunity for complete grasps of the elements which take part in the process of reasoning. To sum up this synthetic study the author presents his own model of the process of reasoning.