Introduction and objective. Conventional, culture-based methods of bacterial identification and drug-susceptibility
testing are considered the gold standard in medical microbiology. In recent years, classical microbiological methods have
been supplemented with modern analytical and molecular methods. The aim of the review was to discusses the methods
which have been permanently adapted to bacteriological microbiological diagnostics.
Abbreviated description of the state of knowledge. Currently, PCR, as well as other nucleic acid amplification tests and
sequencing techniques, are part of the standard repertoire of microbiological diagnostics. With regard to the quality and
speed of pathogen identification, the introduction of mass spectrometry techniques into routine microbiological diagnostics
work-up has been revolutionary. Within a short time in many laboratories, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionisation –
Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry (MALDI TOF MS) systems have almost completely replaced conventional biochemical
pathogen identification.
Conclusions. Microbiological diagnostics is an indispensable element of a targeted therapy. The techniques used in the
laboratory depend primarily on the laboratory’s apparatus, the costs of the analysis, as well as the sensitivity and specificity
of a method. However, regardless of the culture-based methods universality, advanced techniques have permanently
established themselves in diagnostics. Confident information about the detected organism and treatment possibilities
in a combination with the clinical context are conducive to successful therapy. Although modern methods still require
validation and close collaboration between clinicians, microbiologists and bioinformaticians, these methods, once deemed
to be the future, have already arrived.
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