Dental abnormalities in children with cleft lip with or without cleft palate

Introduction. Cleft lip with or without cleft palate (CLP) is associated with hypodontia, supernumerary teeth, dysmorphology of the crown or root shape, teeth impaction and malposition. The prevalence of anomalies is higher than in general population. Objective. The aim of the review is description of dental anomalies affecting children with cleft lip or without cleft palate. Abbreviated description of the state of knowledge. The most common anomaly is teeth agenesis with prevalence of 28% – 66% of patients with CLP. Permanent dentition is more often affected (52.7%) than primary (16.2%), the cleft-side lateral incisor is most often missing. Hypodontia increases with severity of the cleft. Supernumeraries were found in 17.7% of the subjects with cleft lip and/or palate for primary maxillary dentition, and in 5.7% for permanent maxillary dentition. Supernumerary teeth are mostly maxillary laterals, both inside and outside the cleft, and have different variations in morphology and size. The anterior maxilla is a main area for supernumeraries occurrence. Lateral incisor in the cleft area is often peg-shaped, its microdontia was revealed in 5.6%; they can also have enamel hypoplasia – 8.9% of cases. Macrodontia was found in 12.5% and taurodontism in 15.2%. Canine impaction prevalence is different in studies from various cleft centres and ranged from 0% – 58%. Rotations of central incisors was found in the area of cleft in 86.7%. Transposition of maxillary canine and first premolars was found in 5.5% of bilateral, 8% of right, and 3.3% of left unilateral clefts in the study. Summary. Multiple teeth anomalies affect the population of children with cleft lip with or without palate. The most common problem is hypodontia. Treatment process of these patients demands experienced specialists in different fields of dentistry and complex, rigorous dental care.