Maria Manteuffel née von Ryck and her recently discovered letters to her son Gustaw Manteuffel Maria z Ryków Manteufflowa i jej nieznana korespondencja do syna – Gustawa Manteuffla
Maria Manteuffel letters from the period 1844–1859 offer invaluable insights into the life
of Polish gentry in the former Polish Livonia (Infl anty Polskie), incorporated into the Vitebsk
Governorate of the Russian Empire. These letters of mother to her son Gustaw Manteuffel,
student at the University of Dorpat (now Tartu, Estonia) who was to become one of great Polish
historiographers of late 19th century, are an important historical source. Although they deal mainly
with family matters, the mundane is interspersed with notes and comments which throw light on
the Russian tax burdens and the social life of the aristocracy and the local gentry. An eye-catching
feature of that correspondence is a string of Latvian (Latgalian) words and phrases which are interspersed into Maria Manteuffel’s sentences. There is not much we know about her life. Born in
Wielony in 1811, she was heiress to the Drycany estate. In 1828 she married baron Jakub Manteuffel.
Of their children only four sons survived to adulthood. Born into a Polish-Livonian family, Maria
Manteuffel became a Polish patriot, patroness and sponsor of various patriotic initiatives. When the
Drycany estate was sequestrated by the Russian authorities after the 1863 January Uprising, she
moved to Lesno and later to Riga where she died in 1874. She was buried at Drycany beside her
husband; in 1916 her son was buried in the same family vault.
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