Teoretyczne problemy lokalizacji zakładów przemysłu spożywczego

Localization and volume of processing capacity are decisive for an industrial plant with a certain technological level and correct work organization to achieve certain production effects. From the point of view of the theory of production localization, based mainly on an analysis of transportation costs, in food industry can be distinguished plants with raw materials and consumption localization. However, along with technical and technological progress, localization of plants undergoes changes due to application of raw materials localization on a larger scale. Localization decisions in food industry are also influenced by tends to create complexes of plants (matching of investments) connected both with respect to technological phases as well as basing on cold stores as an integrating link. A characteristic feature of contemporary development of food industry is concentration of production in large plants, construction of industrial and industrial-agricultural complexes. Increase in output of plants which is accompanied by growing demand for production factors (raw materials, workforce, power and water) as well as growing threat to geographical environment (e.g. sewage) causes that many localities do not meet the requiremeints with respect to localization of these plants. In such localities small food industry plants can be localized with lower demand for production factors, less dangerous to geographical environment and simultaneously being an important activating factor for smaller towns and communes. When making decisions concerning the scale of production in food industry plants it is not sufficient to base only on economic calculation of unit processing costs at the plant's level. It is necessary to consider also other conditions, e.g. the intensity of ties of the inndustry with the local market, ability of the industry to activate agricultural regions and social costs of production.