The distributed energy sector in Poland : current status, challenges, barriers, and the Danish experience

The article presents the current state of distributed energy in Poland, with particular emphasis on the energy transition plans, analyzing the document Polish Energy Policy until 2040 (PEP2040). Additionally, describes three types of entities: prosumers, energy clusters and energy cooperatives. The author explains their current status, funding sources and barriers. The second part of the publication presents the author's reflections on the problems and challenges related to the development of biogas and wind energy. Additionally, the author focuses on the impact of distributed generation on the power system. Social and local governmental aspects are also presented. In the third part, the author presents the Danish experience in the development of renewable energy sources and distributed generation. The author presents two examples of solutions: a civic foundation in Hvide Sande and a district heating company in Gram. Conclusions of the article includes the proposal of changes to the legislative system that will enable further RES development. In addition, the author draws attention to the impact of the Mój Prąd programme, responsible for the high growth of installed capacity.