Background. Fruit and fruit products are important part of our daily diet. In addition to the ingredients necessary for the
proper functioning of the body, these products can also be a source of intake elements harmful to human health.
Objective. Analysis of the results of monitoring studies conducted in Poland in 2015 concerning contamination of lead
(Pb), cadmium (Cd), arsenic (As), mercury (Hg) and tin (Sn) in fruit and fruit products and exposure assessment.
Material and methods. Approximately 600 samples of fresh, frozen, dried fruits, fruit preserves and canned fruits
were tested. The laboratories of State Sanitary Inspection were involved in testing. Accredited and validated analytical
methods were used. The test samples were prepared in accordance with the standard PN-EN 13804:2013. The contents
of lead, cadmium and tin were determined by using flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS) or flameless with
electrothermal atomization spectrometry (GFAAS); arsenic by using hydride generation atomic absorption spectrometry
method (HGAAS) and mercury the "cold vapor" atomic absorption spectrometry (CVAAS) method.
Results. Contamination of investigated samples with elements harmful to human health (Pb, Ca, As, Hg and Sn does not
rise concern to human health and was in most cases comparable with contamination reported in other European Union
countries. The estimated average exposure of adults and children to lead intake with fruit and fruit products ranged from
0.5% to 14.6% of the respective Benchmark Dose Lower Confidence Limit (BMDL) established by the European Food
Safety Authority (EFSA). The mean intake of cadmium with these groups of foodstuffs was in the range 0.3 - 8.5% of the
TWI value (Tolerable Weekly Intake) established by EFSA for adults and children (0.1 - 3.6% of the PTMI (Provisional
Tolerable Monthly Intake) established by JECFA. In case of arsenic mean intake was in the range 0.5 - 1.6% BMDL whilst
for mercury (inorganic form) intake represented 0.5 - 1.4% of TWI value established by JECFA and then confirmed by
EFSA.
Conclusions. Based on the obtained results, it was found that content of Pb, Cd, As, Hg and Sn in the tested samples
of fruit and their products does not pose a risk to consumer health. Estimated exposure of consumers does not exceed
tolerable doses established by EFSA and JECFA for these elements.
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