Właściwości fizykochemiczne i biologiczne granulatów paszowych wytworzonych z odpadów z przetwórstwa rolno-spożywczego

Celem pracy było wykazanie możliwości wykorzystania odpadów z przetwórstwa rolno-spożywczego, bogatych w związki fenolowe, jako naturalnych, tanich dodatków do pasz (w formie granulatu), wpływających korzystnie na ich właściwości prozdrowotne, przeciwutleniające i przeciwdrobnoustrojowe.

The aim of the work was to demonstrate the possibility of using waste from agri-food processing rich in phenolic compounds, including coumaric acids, as natural, cheap feed additives (in the form of pellets), which have a positive effect on their health, antioxidant and antimicrobial properties. The first chapter of the work presents a review of the literature regarding: characteristics of phenolic compounds, their types and properties, characteristics of byproducts and waste from agri-food processing, possibility of their use in animal nutrition, feed characteristics, including medicated feed, their properties and the possibility of using herbs rich in phenolic acids in the production of feed pellets. The experimental part of the work consisted of two stages. In the first stage: the synthesis of salts of ortho-, meta- and para-coumaric acids with lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium and cesium and their physicochemical, biological and deterent properties were determined. In the second stage of research, from many of the agrifood processing industry wastes, four raw materials were selected: rye bran, apple pomace, groundnut rhizomes and nettle leaf waste, characterized by a high content of phenolic compounds, including coumaric acids (over 25% of the total polyphenol content). From the above of waste, compound feed compositions were developed, which were then pelleted to obtain feed pellets with satisfactory quality parameters (strength, physicochemical and biological). The obtained test results, presented in the form of tables, graphs and regression equations, were presented in the fifth chapter of the work. The research of coumaric acids and their salts carried out in the first part of the study showed that the best antioxidant properties were characterized by sodium salts. Analysis of microbiological properties of tested compounds in relation to bacteria and fungi, it allowed the selection of ortho-coumaric acid as a compound with the best antimicrobial properties. The tested ortho-, meta- and coumaric acids and their salts were characterized by good and medium deterent activity. The results obtained in the second stage of the study show that very good quality pellets with kinetic durability above 90% were obtained, regardless of the amount of additions – groundnut rhizomes and nettle leaf waste, also characterized by healthpromoting, antioxidant and antimicrobial properties. Obtained pellets comply with the requirements of standards in relation to calorific value, fat content, crude fiber and protein in feed. The study confirmed that there is a possibility of utilizing waste products and byproducts of the agri-food industry, by formulating into granules nutritious feed. Such activities are part of the waste reduction policy promoted by the European Union.