Nod factors improve the nitrogen content and rhizobial diversity of faba bean and alter soil dehydrogenase, protease, and acid phosphomonoesterase activities
Nod factors improve the nitrogen content and rhizobial diversity of faba bean and alter soil dehydrogenase, protease, and acid phosphomonoesterase activities
Nod factors produced by rhizobia are one of the
most important signals involved in symbiotic associations involving
legumes. A field trial was performed to assess the symbiotic
activity, rhizosphere biological parameters, and plant biomass
of faba bean (Vicia faba L.) treated with Nod factors. The soil
was a Haplic Luvisol derived from loess. The faba bean seeds
(cv. Granit) were soaked with an Nod factors solution (260 nM)
or water (control) and sown. At the flowering stage, the genetic
diversity of rhizobia (based on PCR-RFLP profiles and the
sequencing of the 16-23S rDNA and nodD gene), nitrogenase
activity (acetylene reduction assay), and nodule biomass were
evaluated. Nitrogen yield and plant biomass were determined at
the flowering and maturity stages. Rhizosphere soil was examined
during plant growth in relation to the activities of dehydrogenase,
protease, urease, and acid phosphomonoesterase. The results indicated
that the application of the Nod factors improved nitrogenase
activity (by 74-80%, depending on the parameter analysed) and
increased the genetic diversity of rhizobia inhabiting root nodules,
plant nitrogen content (by 16.8%, at maturity), and seed protein
yield (by 14.6%). The rhizobial population became more heterogeneous
under the influence of the Nod factors than it was for the
control (12 and 7 specific genotypes, respectively). At the flowering
stage, Nod factors enhanced dehydrogenase, protease, and
acid phosphomonoesterase activities by 46, 36 and 9%, respectively.
The results revealed the positive effect of Nod factors at
reducing water deficiency effects during a growing season with
a short-term rainfall deficit.
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