New cranial material of the acanthothoracid placoderm Palaeacanthaspis vasta from the Lower Devonian of Podolia—phylogenetic and taxonomic significance
New cranial material of the acanthothoracid placoderm Palaeacanthaspis vasta from the Lower Devonian of Podolia—phylogenetic and taxonomic significance
The Early Devonian vertebrates of Podolia in Ukraine are well known thanks to the material of the basal arthrodire placoderm
genus Kujdanowiaspis, originally mentioned by Brotzen in 1934. The anatomical fame of Kujdanowiaspis brought
by Erik Stensiö almost eclipsed the presence of the acanthothoracid placoderm Palaeacanthapsis vasta in the underlying
beds, with the original material of P. vasta being less well preserved and abundant than that of Kujdanowiaspis. Here
we describe a newly discovered specimen of the acanthothoracid P. vasta from the Lochkovian of Podolia (Ukraine).
The specimen, although incomplete, is very well preserved in three dimensions and allows a thorough description of its
external morphology, which is compared to that of Romundina stellina and other well-known Acanthothoraci. A phylogenetic
analysis is performed and the acanthothoracid nature of Palaeacanthaspis is confirmed. However, the position of
Palaeacanthaspis within the Acanthothoraci remains uncertain, and its resemblance with Romundina could be due to either
synapomorphies or symplesiomorphies. Similarities and differences between the two forms are exposed, and lead to
the lack of synonymy at the specific level. Generic synonymy is also questioned for the first time but remains equivocal.
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