The study aimed to determine the baseline and indicators for the emission of greenhouse gases
(GHG) and to evaluate the effectiveness of GHG mitigation measures in Thai upstream petrochemical
plants. During 2005–2010, the upstream production had an annual demand for energy in the range
of 110 000–150 000 TJ, ca. 5–6% of the total Thailand energy consumption. The proportion of energy
consumption for producing olefin and aromatic products is 73 and 14%, respectively. The amount
of GHG emissions equalled approximately 7–9 Mt CO2 eq. This represents a 3% portion of the total
GHG emissions of Thailand, separating into the olefin and aromatic products, around 69 and 18%,
respectively. The ratios of GHG emission came from fuel combustion of 59%, steam consumption
(28%), electricity consumption (10%) and flare (3%). The carbon intensity of upstream products in
the olefins and aromatics’ groups had the range of 1.125–1.309 and 0.518–0.667 t CO2 eq/t, respectively.
It was likely that the carbon intensity during the period of 2005–2010 was lowered as the industry sector
took measures to improve energy conservation and developed their production processes. The GHG mitigation
measures by energy conservation were already implemented including fuel saving (67%), steam
saving (23%) and electricity saving (10%).
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