Późnoglacjalny rozwój osuwisk w polskich Karpatach zewnętrznych

The area of Poland, including the Carpathian Mountains, is located in a zone where landslides cause large material damage. This issue can be considered using different time scales. Using various dating methods, it was possible to distinguish periods of increased landslide activity. Among others, the radiometric methods are the most common. Based on the 14C dated landslides in Szczawnica-Biafy Stream, Zapadle near Szymbark, Rychwatd near Żywiec and on data published by Margielewski (2006), it was possible to hypothesize that landslides in the Carpathians have been developing over 13,000 years, i.e. since the Oldest Dryas. This is related to the beginning of degradation of the permafrost, which can be considered as the inception of the development of large rock landslides. On the basis of the presented data, it can also be stated that these landslides have been active up to modern times and their development is very long. An example of this is the landslide in Zapadle. The position of the landslide tongue, which is subjected to erosion, is of great importance, which promotes its further activity. Permanent removing of the colluvial material by a stream and its supplementing by subsequent new displacements from the scarp causes that the landslides can be active for a very long period of time.