On asymptotic approach to reliability improvement of multi-state systems with components quantitative and qualitative redundancy : „m out of n” systems

The paper is composed of two parts, in this part the multi-state homogeneous „m out of n” systems with reserve components are defined and their multi-state limit reliability functions are determined. In order to improve of the reliability of these systems the following methods are used: (i) a warm duplication of components, (ii) a cold duplication of components, (iii) a mixed duplication of components, (iv) improving the reliability of components by reducing their failure rate. Next, the effects of the systems’ reliability different improvements are compared.