Computer-aided quantitative subsurface mapping : examples of utilization

The present age of digital subsurface mapping is represented above all by quantitative maps based on regular grids. They are created on the basis of various input data: digitized contours, widely comprehended well data, 2D and 3D seismic, and qualitative geological maps. Scope and the data utilization and the applied methodology of processing are strictly dependent on the scale and purpose of a given map; for regional and detailed maps they are significantly different. However, irrespective of the map scale, correct models, reflecting probable subsurface variability, instead of the input data spatial distribution and applied estimation algorithm themselves, are conditioned by chances of integrating of all the mentioned types of data. These purposes can be achieved only through the application of the most flexible interpretive programs such as ZMAP–Plus or mapping modules of the Geographix system. High quality quantitative subsurface maps based on regular grids are nowadays used first of all in petroleum exploration and geothermal research. But development of such studies may contribute to creation of high-quality, interactive, subsurface models, available not only for owners of expensive professional software but also for all geoscientists interested in these topics.