Non-destructive and semi-destructive diagnostics of concrete structures in assessment of their durability

This paper proposes a comprehensive classification of test methods for the diagnosis of concrete structures. The main focus is on the ranges of suitability of the particular methods and techniques for assessing the durability of structures, depending on the principal degradation mechanisms and their effects on this durability. The survey covers non-destructive testing (NDT) methods, which do not in any way breach the integrity of the tested structures, and semi-destructive testing (SDT) methods requiring material samples to be taken or any other minor breach of structural integrity. An original taxonomy of physical, chemical and biological diagnostic methods, useful in assessment of concrete structures durability, is proposed. Equipment specific for selected advanced testing methods is presented as well as exemplary test results.