XPS Binding Energies of Deep Core Levels and the Auger Parameter - An Application to Solid Sulfur Compounds

X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy/X-ray excited Auger electron spectroscopy investigations of solid sulfur compounds are reported. Deep S 1s core level binding energies were measured in addition to the common S 2p level and the KLL Auger spectra to derive the Auger parameters. Local and solid state effects on the binding energies were identified using both core levels within an initial state-final state framework. The results are discussed in comparison to recent data on phosphorus compounds. The information from the deep core level is emphasized.