The challenges of the accounting system in universities in Poland after the enactment of the new Higher Education Act

Purpose: The article’s purpose is to explain the accounting systems in Polish universities and the challenges that have arisen following 2019’s entry into force of the new Act on Higher education, considering the historical background and traditions of universities in Poland. Methodology/approach: The author uses three research methods: literature analysis, direct observation, and analysis of source documents, such as statutes and the strategies of selected universities. Findings: An overview is presented of the changes in Polish universities in the accounting system that followed the new regulations on higher education entry into force, i.e., from 01/10/2019. Having assessed the development level of this research area as preliminary, the author formulated several conclusions that may have practical implications in the future. Practical implications: The content can be used in creating accounting systems in uni-versities while considering new challenges formulated in the strategies of these units, as well as challenges of a global nature – for instance, the digitalization of business processes or the shift of management awareness in academic communities. Moreover, it can serve as a base to create a set of desirable practices in complex accounting systems for universities. Originality/Value: The article, being a general review of the accounting system used at universities, fills the research gap in the literature of this specific area. It can be an origi-nal contribution to the process of reforming universities in Poland, indicating potential threats based on the history of universities, followed by setting new challenges for these institutions.