Wczesnośredniowieczny szklany pacior z Kruszwicy

In the gord in Kruszwica, on the settlement level from the 4th quarter of the 11th century, a piece of a large bead was discovered. It was made of black and purple glass, decorated with a set glass thread and small buttons with the (floral) millefiori ornament. It was made of glass, the “ash” variety of the Na2O-K2O-CaO-MgO-Al2O3-SiO2 type (the grains) and the Na2O-K2O-CaO-MgO-Al2O3-PbO-SiO2 type (the ornament). An interpretation of the results of an analysis of the chemical content of the glass (XRF, X-Ray Fluorescence) has allowed to define the probable place of the glass production, as well as the form and type of this rare specimen, namely the Middle East (probably Byzantine) workshops.