Słoma kukurydziana jako surowiec do produkcji biogazu

Skojarzona uprawa kukurydzy na Pomorzu na ziarno z wykorzystaniem słomy jako surowca do biogazowi pozwoliła wyprodukować przeciętnie 4,81÷6,84 t ha-1 suchej masy słomy .2. Na zawartość suchej masy w słomie kukurydzy i jej plon największy wpływ miały czynniki losowe związane z przebiegiem pogody w latach i miejscowościach oraz odmiany i dawki azotu.3. Plon suchej masy słomy wzrastał różnie w seriach badań w miarę wzrostu dawki nawożenia azotem. W latach 2002÷2003 najwyższe plony słomy uzyskano na dawce 100 kg ha-1 N, a w latach 2005÷2006 na dawce 200 kgźha-1 N. Najwyższą zawartość suchej masy oraz włókna surowego w słomie uzyskano na obiektach bez nawożenia azotem, a najniższą - na dawce 200 kg ha-1 N. Odwrotne zależności były przy zawartości białka ogólnego oraz magnezu w suchej masie słomy. 5. Słoma odmian kukurydzy różniła się zawartością suchej masy, popiołu, białka, tłuszczu i włókna surowego oraz bezazotowych wyciągowych, a także metali alkalicznych.

Maize is versatile. It can also be used as an energy plant in the form of grain or silage made of whole plants. A combined use of maize in the form of maize grain used as animal feed, and straw - for the power, mainly on biogas is also suggested. However, such use of corn is limited by content of dry mass and nutrients in the straw. The aim of this study was to assess the importance of growing seasons, locations, doses of nitrogen and variations in the variability of the chemical composition of straw during cultivation of grain maize in Pomerania. Material for analysis were the results of strict experiments conducted in the years 2002-2003 and 2006-2005 in three locations (Wolinia near Lebork and Mscice near Koszalin - region III of maize cultivation and Mieszkowice near Kostrzyna - region II) in private farms. Experiments were established on soil of grade class Illa-IVb, using method of randomized sub blocks in the dependent system in three repetitions, where level I sub blocks were four to five doses of nitrogen and level II - four to seven varieties of maize. After harvesting, content of dry mass and dry mass yield of straw were determined. Qualitative composition of straw was determined by analysing following parameters in the dry mass of straw: ash, protein, fat, crude fiber and nitrogenless liftings. Results of experiments show that the combined cultivation of maize grain in Pomerania with straw usage as raw material for production biogas allowed to produce average of 4.81-6.84 t ha"1 of straw dry mass. Randomness factors related with weather in years and locations, varieties and nitrogen doses had the biggest impact on the dry mass content in the maize straw and its yield. Straw dry mass yield increased differently in the series of experiments with increasing doses of nitrogen fertilization. In the years 2002-2003 the highest straw yield was obtained at a dose of 100 kg-ha"1 N, in the years 2005-2006 at a dose of 200 kgha"1 N. The highest content of dry mass and crude fibre in the straw was obtained for objects with no nitrogen fertilization, and the lowest - at a dose of 200 kg-ha"1 N. Inverse relationships were obtained at the contents of total protein and magnesium in the dry mass of straw. Straw of maize varieties differed in dry mass, ash, protein, fat and crude fibre and nitrogenless liftings, as well as alkali metals content.