Produkcja i wykorzystanie syntez-gazu z niskowartościowych gatunków paliwa

Gaz ziemny i ropa są głównymi rodzajami paliwa na Ukrainie. W roku 2009 poziom wykorzystania gazu ziemnego w kraju wyniósł 67 miliardów m3 w tym do 18 miliardów m3 zużyto przez ludność na cele grzewcze. Udział paliwa stałego w paliwowo-energetycznym bilansie kraju nie przekraczał 18% [2]. Sytuacja komplikuje się w związku z nadchodzącym w ciągu najbliższych lat wzrostem cen za nośniki energii. Zgodnie z prognozami do roku 2010 cena za gaz ziemny, wykorzystywany przez ludność na cele ogrzewania, może wzrosnąć do poziomu 3100÷5000 hrywien (ok. 1150÷1850 zł) za tys. m3 czyli 3,6÷5,7 razy w porównaniu z dniem dzisiejszym.

Increase of cost and limited actual reserves of natural gas and oil lead to necessity of diversification of fuel and utilization of law grade domestic types of fuel. Utilization of such types of fuel by their preliminary gasification with the receipt of synthetic gas and its subsequent burning gives a possibility to avoid many problems which are pertinent of burning law grade solid fuels. These problems include emission of fuel dust and chemical products of incomplete burning, low efficiency of heat generators. The paper discusses the heat balance of gas generator with external heating up for receipt of synthetic gas. There has been received a solution of a set of equations which gives an opportunity to identify constructive dimensions of a gas generator for different types of solid fuel and productivity of the installation. Dependencies and monographic charts have been developed for identification of share of synthetic gas in the mixture with the natural gas to allow burning of synthetic gas without any changes in the design of furnace burners used to burn natural gas. Design of a combined gas burning installation for burning mixture of synthetic gas and natural gas was also developed below allowable changes of interchangeability criterion of Wobbe. It has been demonstrated that the saving of fuel by applying synthetic gas, for example sunflower pellets, reaches 14 tons of fuel equivalent (fuel with burning heat around 29.4 MJ/kg) for every 1,000 GJ of heat produced. Ecological effect of utilizing synthetic gas from low grade types of domestic solid fuels and agricultural production waste has been demonstrated.