Anthropological Foundations of Aggression and Personal Safety on the Example of Thomas Hobbes’s Leviathan

The phenomenon of aggression is the subject of neurophysiology, psychology, sociology and political science. The influence of cultural factors on the occurrence and the level of aggression between groups is raised especially in sociology. In the article – on the example of the analysis of Thomas Hobbes’s philosophical anthropology and his theory of the state (commonwealth) – the deeper level of cultural sources of aggression is considered, namely the impact of ontological assumptions on the model of human functioning and their translation into social and political practice. The original analysis of the influence of Hobbes’s antropology shows that man-mechanism is especially exposed to aggression and depression. Such a diagnosis has consequences in low level of personal safety and in high demand for external security structure. Personal safety is here analysed in three layers: ontic-cultural, psychological-social, and instrumental-defensive.