Acoustic waves are a carrier of information mainly in environments where the use of other types of
waves, for example electromagnetic waves, is limited. The term acoustical imaging is widely used in the
ultrasonic engineering to imaging areas in which the acoustic waves propagate. In particular, ultrasound
is widely used in the visualization of human organs – ultrasonography (Nowicki, 2010).
Expanding the concept, acoustical imaging can also be used to presentation (monitoring) the current
state of sound intensity distribution leading to characterization of sources in observed underwater region.
This can be represented in the form of an acoustic characteristic of the area, for example as a spectrogram.
Knowledge of the underwater world which is built by analogy to the perception of the space on the
Earth’s surface is to be systematize in the form of images. Those images arise as a result of graphical
representation of processed acoustic signals.
In this paper, it is explained why acoustic waves are used in underwater imaging. Furthermore, the
passive and active systems for underwater observation are presented. The paper is illustrated by acoustic
images, most of them originated from our own investigation.
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