Przemysłowe zastosowania lipaz w syntezie związków o wysokiej wartości dodanej – 85 lat katalizy enzymatycznej lipazami. Część 2 Industrial applications of lipases in the synthesis of high added-value chemicals – 85 years of lipase-based enzymatic catalysis. Part 2
Biotransformations are processes, in which chemical reactions are catalyzed
by isolated enzymes or whole cells containing them. Among the biocatalysts, lipases
are the most commonly used chiral selectors that exhibit high chemo-, regio-,
and stereo-selectivity toward wide spectrum of organic compounds of xenobiothic
nature. Moreover, lipases are very stable and active in organic solvents, as well as in
neat solvents or in supercritical fluids in the absence of added water. Biotransformations
by using lipases can be carried out at high substrate concentrations, at ambient
temperature and neutral pH, without need for addition of cofactors, application of
high pressures, extremely harsh reaction conditions or complex chemical apparatus.
In addition, processes based on efficient biocatalytic technologies has proven
to be beneficial for the chemical industry, as the lipases are able to catalyze reactions,
which are not easily conducted by classical methods or in other cases allow
reactions, which can replace several chemical steps. The above mentioned features
of lipase-based biotransformations often cause significant improvement in energy
efficiency (savings), and lead to a reduction in waste generation thereby making
manufacturing processes even more economically attractive and environmentally
acceptable.
Since the mid-1980s the use of biotransformations with lipases in industry for
the production of high added-value compounds, including pharmaceuticals, vitamins,
cosmetics, fragrances and flavors, diagnostic preparations and therapeutics,
high-tonnage preparation of agrochemicals, modified foods, nutraceuticals, detergents,
polymers, advanced materials and biofuels has steadily increased.
In this part of the review article on industrial applications of lipases, next group
of popularly utilized enzymes relevant for the production of high added-value chemicals
are described. It was also shown on several examples that enzymatic catalysis
can significantly simplify manufacturing processes of complex structures being
green and economical alternative for conventional chemical-based processes.
Keywords:
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