The purpose of this paper is to show how interesting is free surface of water and
how many problems connected with its properties were investigated. Some of them
were studied in twenty century, another are quite new. The special attention was
drawn to orientation of water molecules at water/air interface and connected with
this orientation electric surface potential drop existing at the free surface. To date,
there is no consensus both as to its value and sign. This is due to the impossibility of
direct measurement of the surface potential, which caused that many scientists have
attempted to estimate the value and sign of this potential indirectly by measuring
other physical parameters or using simulation methods.
The paper present also such properties of water/air interface as: surface density,
surface viscosity, dielectric permittivity, surface conductivity ,surface tension and
their changes as a result of adsorption process. As we can see from the review outlined
in the paper the free surface of water in spite of long and different of studies is
still fascinating for many scientists.
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