Przemysłowe zastosowania lipaz w syntezie związków o wysokiej wartości dodanej – 85 lat katalizy enzymatycznej lipazami. Część 1 Industrial applications of lipases in the synthesis of high added-value chemicals – 85 years of lipase-based enzymatic catalysis. Part 1
Lipases (EC 3.1.1.3; triacylglycerol acylhydrolases) are the most commonly
used enzymes in biotransformations of organic compounds. In living organisms
lipases catalyze hydrolysis of higher fatty acid esters of glycerol, thus fulfill
an essential function in metabolism of lipids (e.g. fats and oils) and lipoproteins.
This year marks 125 years since J.R. Green has identified and described the first
lipase isolated from germinated castor-oil beans (Ricinus communis L.) in the form
of an extract showing hydrolytic properties. Plants, as well as bacteria are able to
produce lipases what was reported in 1901 by Dutch scientist ‒ Christiaan Eijkman.
Lipases are also produced by fungi, yeasts, and various organs of higher organisms.
A strong foundation, which had a huge impact on the development of global
lipase-mediated biotransformations was the discovery made in 1935 and described
in Biochemistry Journal and Biochemische Zeitschrift by Polish biochemist-
-enzymologist Ernest Alexander Sym (1893-1950) that these enzymes retain almost
full catalytic activity even in nearly anhydrous organic solvents. This was exactly
fifty years before Russian chemist Alexander Klibanov in 1985 described a lipase-
-catalyzed reaction carried out in organic solvents. Since that moment, lipases have
became extremely popular in both academic and industrial usage, nowadays being
the most important among all biocatalysts used in biochemical processes carried out
on an industrial scale.
The purpose of this article is to provide a brief characterization of the two
most widely used in industrial biotransformations lipases ‒ lipase B from Candida
antarctica (CAL-B) and lipase from Burkholderia cepacia (BCL) ‒ and familiarize
the readers with the issues of biotechnological processes catalyzed by them. The
specifics of a range of industrial applications based on lipase catalysis, including
the chemical, pharmaceutical, cosmetic and food industries are also discussed.
Keywords:
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