Investigation and Generation of Vacancies in Alpha Quartz by Soft X-Rays

In this paper we applied the soft-X-ray radiation for generation of point defects, vacancies, and chemical reactions in quartz $(SiO_{2})$, taking into account our earlier made similar experiments with crystal silicon and importance of quartz for applications in many fields. In this case only radiative Auger's effects with electrons and electric dipole of atoms transitions can generate metastable vacancies, point defects, and induce chemical reactions. Usually, for point defects generation doses of gamma rays are used. We measured values of the Bragg reflections of X-rays and calculated mean square deviations of atoms in crystal lattice for defining the dynamics of irradiated point defects. We accomplished infrared measurements for establishing of generated chemical reactions, and conductivity measurements were also done.