Gdy bogiem było Słońce - starożytne jednostki miar (cz. I)

W artykule autor zabiera czytelnika w wędrówkę po świecie antyku przedstawiając wybrane jednostki miar używanych przez największe cywilizacje świata starożytnego: Sumer, Egipt, Grecję i Rzym. Artykuł podzielono na dwie części. W pierwszej opisano prawdopodobnie pierwszy przykład wykorzystania do pomiarów skali naturalnej, którym były tokeny. Kolejne rozdziały zawierają opisy jednostek miar długości, odległości i pola powierzchni. W drugiej części artykułu autor przedstawił jednostki miar masy, objętości oraz związane z nimi aspekty prawne i religijne.

In his paper the Author is taking readers to the journey through the ancient world. He describes old units of measure used by the most famous ancient civilizations of the world such as: Sumer, Egypt, Greece and Rome. The paper is divided into two parts. The first one contains 7 chapters (including references), the second one 6. The first part includes information about tokens, the length, the distance and the area measure units. Tokens are small forms made from the clay. They were used for counting from about 8,000 B.C. to 1500 B.C in Mesopotamia. This is the first known usage of the natural scale to the measure. The length units were the first defined units of the measure (approximately 3,000 B.C.). In Sumer and Egypt the basic unit of the length was a cubit, in Greece and Rome it was a foot. The Sumerian cubit was divided into the 30 fingers, the Egyptian into the 28 (the royal cubit) or into the 24 (the small cubit). The foot was divided to the 16 fingers. The area measure were an agricultural or a life frequently dependent. The information about weight and volume units are in the second part of the paper including. The Sumerian weight measure units were taken by another civilizations like: Acadians, Babylonians, Assyrians and Greeks. The most kinds have the volume units. Another one was for liquids and another one for dry measure. The one of the lasts chapters describes the law conditions refer to the measure units. Some samples, including Urnammu legal code and the Bible, are available.