Soil contamination of areas covered by industrial plants and farms is one of the major
environmental problems whose weight is underestimated in Poland and Europe. Such regions
are usually not as exposed to direct pollution as highly urbanized industrial areas. On the other
hand, they are usually less strictly monitored than protected areas. The District of Olkusz, an
example of such a region, is characterized by well-developed agriculture, regressing local industry
and growing tourism industry. However, it borders with Silesia, a heavily industrized area.
The study reports the condition of arable soils in Olkusz District in terms of their contamination
with lead, cadmium, zinc and copper. The atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) method
was used to determine the concentrations of the metallic elements. The parameters like pH,
content of the clay fraction and content of organic matter have been also taken in consideration
to assess the bioavailability of the metals.
The analytical results showed that, despite the decreasing impact of the local industry,
levels of concentration of all the studied metals are significantly higher than their average concentration
in Polish soils. Moreover, all the calculated Pearson correlation coefficients between
concentrations of the metals were above 0.9, which means they correlate each other strongly.
The impact of the local pollutants (mainly Bukowno smelter) in connection with the proximity
of the Silesia and the high vulnerability for contamination of the soils precludes agricultural use
of the ground in at least half of the cases.
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