Wpływ standaryzacji komunikacji w układach sterowania silników spalinowych na bezpieczeństwo użytkowania pojazdów

Układy sterowania silników spalinowych to złożone układy mechatronicz-ne. Sterowanie tymi układami polega na pomiarze wielkości określających warunki pracy silnika i na tej podstawie wypracowaniu wielkości sterujących elementami wykonawczymi. Takie rozwiązanie zapewnia optymalne sterowanie silnikiem z drugiej strony umożliwia dość łatwą ingerencję w jego działanie. W artykule opisano metody ingerencji w sterowanie tego typu układów, które pozwalają na modyfikację osiągów silnika.

The control systems of modern combustion engines are complex mecha-tronic systems. The idea of control through this type of system is based on the measurement of physical quantities defining the current engine opera-ting conditions and working out the quantities controlling the actuators by the controller on this basis. Such a control system solution ensures optimum engine control and enables easy interference with its operation.Current specialist software allows users to modify the engine control software, which allows not only changing the engine’s performance, but also switching on some of its systems as well as masking the engine damage. This paper describes the common methods of interfering with the operation of such systems, both through changing the control software and also falsification of signals in measuring sensors (Fig. 4). Actions of this type are quite difficult to detect by state services and even authorized services. Moreover, they are also not fully regulated by law, which often induces motor vehicle users to use so-called ”chip tuning”. Such modifications very often result in significant changes in engine operating conditions, which may cause vehicles to fail exhaust emission standards. Moreover, such changes may lead to decreased vehicle durability and vehicle use safety. This particularly concerns vehicles purchased on the secondary market, whose buyers are most often not aware of changes introduced in the engine control software.