System diagnostyki cieplnej budynków

W artykule opisano system do pomiaru wielkości charakteryzujących stan cieplny obiektu, którym może być budynek wielokondygnacyjny lub kompleks budynków. Przyrządy w systemie organizowane są w węzły, którymi zarządzają sterowniki węzłów połączone z przyrządami pomiarowymi za pomocą interfejsów szeregowych. Natomiast same sterowniki komunikują się z komputerem lokalnym, nadzorującym pracą systemu, przy użyciu transmisji bezprzewodowej. Operator system może prowadzić pomiary zdalnie za pośrednictwem Internetu z możliwością dodatkowego wykorzystania sieci telefonii komórkowej.

The paper presents properties of a system for measurements of quantities which determine thermal state of buildings. The system can be used both in investigations of thermal processes in buildings and for monitoring thermal processes to perform an energy con-sumption audit. The general structure of the system is shown in Fig. 1 where K denotes the multifunctional element, called a communicator, the main role of which is to organize measurement instruments in nodes W1,…,Wn as it is shown in Fig. 2. Moreover, communicators are used in the system for realizing wireless transmission in the ZigBee standard with a local computer which controls the whole system. The local computer can be connected by the Internet with others computers, which work as consoles of this local one installed in the object of diagnostic. In Fig. 3 there is shown the communicator connected with analog modules constructed to connect sensors with an analog output such as a voltage, a current or a resistance. Instruments which can be used in the system are mentioned in the text under Fig. 3, i.e. combustion analyzer GA 40 PLUS etc. The scheme of the communicator is presented in Fig. 4. The communicator is built on the basis of an ADuC836 microcontroller cooperating with the ZigBee module ATZB-A24-UFL. It is used in the system in several roles, as: a measurement node controller, a router of wireless network and a coordinator of this network. These functions are realized according to implementation of the RTOS operating system [8] working in the real-time, multitasking mode. Each measuring instrument is supplied by a separated task, which enables simple modification of programs and introduction of new instrument tasks. The diagnostic system is managed from a local computer by using the program written in the LabView environment, the main role of which is to organize the central database, shown in Fig. 5, exchanging measurement and control data with the node controllers. The system operator communicates with this program by using a system of windows shown in Fig. 6, which enables introducing measurement parameters and realizing the measurement data visualization.