Biosensory i sensory fluorescencyjne

W pracy opisano podstawy działania biosensorów ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem sensorów fluorescencyjnych. Scharakteryzowano metody fluorescencyjne stosowane w badaniach biosensorów oraz sensorów optycznych. Wyjaśniono różnicę pomiędzy biosensorami a sensorami optycznymi wykorzystującymi zjawisko fluorescencji.. Dokonano zestawienia porfiryn oraz wykrywanych przez nie substancji, a także opisano wykorzystanie sensorów fluorescencyjnych w obrazowaniu nowotworów oraz badaniach nad rozwojem leków.

The paper describes the basics of biosensors with particular emphasis on fluorescent sensors (Figs. 1 and 2). There are characterized fluorescent methods used in the studies of biosensors and optical sensors: a change in fluorescence intensity, FRET (Förster resonance energy transfer) FLIM (Fluorescence life time imaging), FCS (Fluorescence correlation spectroscopy). There is explained the difference between biosensors and optical sensors employing the phenomenon of fluorescence. There are presented optical sensors using porphyrins, paying particular attention to porphyrins as substances characterized by the presence of intense absorption bands in the visible light range, high absorption coefficient and intense emission in the visible and infrared range. Due to these properties they are increasingly used in medical diagnostics for imaging the cancer (photodynamic method), and the stage of cancer (diagnosis based on the emission spectra of protoporphyrin IX). In Table 1 there is given the list of porphyrins and detected by them, on the basis of changes in the fluorescence emission spectra , substances: Fe+3, 1O2, O2, Hg+2 , Ca+2, HCl (gas), phospholipids, Pb+2. There is described the use of fluorescent sensors based on porhyrins for cancer imaging and in cancer drug development studies [15, 16, 17].