Struktura ja a działanie w sytuacjach zadaniowych: empiryczne studium nad funkcjami osobowości

Summary The above-mentioned research work is a document of attempts of empirical verification of a cluster of hypotheses derived from cognitive theory of personality by the author and refined by him in the framework of The Research Group for Personality Determinants of Adaptation and Innovation. The research was aimed at verifying some hypotheses bound up with some aspects of self-knowledge, i.e. the content of real-self, ideal self, self consistency, evaluation of own person as a value, concentration on self, readiness for self changing and connected with some elements of behavior in task situaltion. To be more exact, the author strove to verify what influence the above-mentioned aspects of self-knowledge can be exerted on the way that a person evaluates his own potentialities in the task situation and on the level of performance differences of egocentric and nonegocentric task orientation. Triad: level of aspiration-level of anticipation-level of performance has been scrutinized in connection with self-knowledge and tendency to perceive own potentialities adequately or inadequately. A theoretical model has been presented by the author. He made an endeavor to settle dependencies between two factors: position of real self and ideal self in the hierarchy of standards of behavior . regulation and inconsistency tolerance that function between real self and real self or tolerance between self-knowledge and inflowing information of the results of one own's acticn. It has been predicted that along with a very high position of ideal in the hierarchy of standards of behavior regulation, tendency to overestimate one's own potentialities is connected with, provided that a person does not tolerate inconsistency between real self and ideal self, but tolerates discrepancy between self-knowledge and inflowing information. A tendency to underestimate own potentialities will emerge, if a person does not tolerate discrepancy between ideal self and inflowing information. Along with high position in the hierarchy of standards of behavior regulation of real self, tendency to rate adequately own potentialities is bound up with. Additional dependencies have been emitted in the study. Evidence make all the predictions highly probable although they are not conclusive. Another important problem of the present research work was verification what influance self-knowledge exerts on direction and size of differences in level of performance of personal and non-personal tasks. Two interesting'results have been found out here. Firstly, The content of self-knowledge of persons eqully efective in performing personal and non personal tasks and these that prove to be more effective in performing non personal tasks is very similiar. But the content of self-knowledge is different for those that prove to be more effective in performing personal tasks. Secondly, the attributes of behavior in goal oriented situation and level of performance of tasks are similiar in those that prove to be more effective doing-personal tasks but they appear to be different while comaring the attributes of behavior and performance in those equally effective performing the two types of tasks. Among any other things, the above-mentioned results bear witness to the fact that more effective persons in non personal tasks perceive themselves inadequately. Moreover, other results presented in the research work indicate that: /i/ The examined aspects of self-knowledge constitute the internally inter-related system in task situation. /ii/ The strongest influence on the behavior or individual is exerted by ideal self. /iii/ An influence on behavior of the examined aspects of self-knowledge in task situation is multistage on many occasions, e.g. ideal self determines level of aspiration, the level of aspiration determines anticipation, the level of ancicipation determines level of performance, and the like. . /iv/ From behavior of subjects in task situation it may be inferred that persons try to achieve such results to confirm thier declared aspirations and expectancies. The research work presents results on many other particular inter-dependencies. Generally, prevailing majority of hypotheses have been confirmed /from among more than 30 hypotheses/ but some of them remain dubious. The collected empirical material has been interpreted in the framework of the above-mentioned theory of personality. Also, new problems requiring verification have been presented. Translated By Janusz Grasza