Przestrzenie publiczne duńskich miast w modelu smart city. Waterfronty w Aarhus i Aalborg

Smart city model is one of the most well-known development models nowadays. It is characterized with holistic approach towards city growth and introducing ICT systems to facilitate, among others, management of the city and communication. Because of the ease of implementation of said ICT systems many municipalities choose to use them. In 2007 the European Smart City model for medium-sized cities in the European Union was created. The model presents guidelines in which the city should be developed to become 'smart'. Medium-sized European cities were evaluated using parameters and indicators in six categories. Consequently, in 2007, 2013 and 2014 rankings of the European Smart Cities were created. Scandinavian cities and Luxembourg were located on the top of the ranking. Among Danish cities of Aarhus, Aalborg and Odense found their place on the list. The most characteristic public spaces in Aarhus and Aalborg are located by the water. In Aarhus there are boulevards by the canal Aarhus Å, and currently constructed waterfront located in the old harbour (Dock 1 and 2). In Aalborg there is a multifunctional waterfront on the south bank of Limfjord. In this paper waterside public spaces of both cities are presented. Good design solutions are described and examined how they relate to smart city model. Danish waterfronts are examples of well-designed, multi-functional public spaces. They meet, among others, recommendations of ten activities gathered by the Project for Public Spaces. Those ten activities characterize well-designed spaces. Watersides projects of Aarhus and Aalborg may serve as an example for waterside solutions in Poland, especially now, when river banks in many cities are being re-integrated into the urban fabric.