Dymorfizm cech somatycznych i proporcji ciała oraz sprawności motorycznej młodzieży Uniwersytetu Zielonogórskiego w świetle wielkości zamieszkiwanego środowiska

The aim is to show the differences in the level of physical and motor development of male and female students of Zielona Góra University coming from areas of various degrees of urbanization. The material includes the results of 234 male students and 119 female students studying Physical Education at the University of Zielona Gora in 2011–2014. Using Martin’s technique the following anthropometric measurements were taken: body height and weight, segment length, width, circumference, thickness of skinfolds and the width of epiphysis. On their basis the indicators of body proportions were calculated. The development of the respondents’ motor skills was measured in Pilicz’s test and the International Physical Fitness Test. The tests measured their agility, right and left hand grip strength, explosive strength of lower limbs and flexibility. The collected material was analyzed statistically. The differences between the arithmetic means of the characteristics were calculated with a t-test, and the graphic dimorphic diversity was presented with the use of Mollison index. The results were compared with the results obtained in other centres. The following conclusions was drawn. The size of the urban environment clearly differentiates the respondents in terms of their somatic features, indices of body proportions and the level of motor skills. In both analyzed environments (urban and rural places of residence), dimorphism was especially noticeable (exceeding 1 Sd) in height and weight, shoulder width, epiphysis (wrist and ulna) width, chest circumference, arm circumference, body proportions (WHR, hip ratio, lower limb length, hip to height ratio), explosive strength of lower limbs and the strength of the finger flexor muscles. Also, the biggest environmental differentiation between the groups of males and females was found in the thicknesses of skinfolds, and the smallest in the indices of body proportions and motor skills.