Analiza topografii ciała ludzkiego w zastosowaniu do badania wad postawy

Celem pracy było wykorzystanie wirtualnego modelu powierzchni ciała człowieka do diagnostyki wad postawy. Model 3D sporządzono wykorzystując do tego celu metodę fotogrametryczną z użyciem cyfrowych aparatów fotograficznych i programu PI 3000 Topcon. Do wykonania zdjęć wykorzystano system PBE, przeznaczony do fotogrametrycznego badania wad postawy. Analizy topografii powierzchni ciała wykonano z użyciem programu GeoMedia i programu MicroStation z pakietem MGE. Wyznaczono przebieg kręgosłupa w płaszczyźnie czołowej i strzałkowej, asymetrię objętościową torsu oraz wzajemne ułożenie części ciała z przekrojów poziomych modelu.

Most of the present body posture measurement systems assess 2D or 3D location of points representing components of a bone structure, which are transferred onto the body surface by means of palpation technique. The accuracy of such transfer varies and depends on different body components; it is also related to the patient's age and BMI. The result of such measurement produces a relation between the points rather than a 3D location of those points, and serves as an indication of a possible pathology. The accuracy of transferring skeleton points greatly affects the indices, particularly those computed by using short segments. Measurement systems may provide much more accurate data than those obtained by locating the marker which indicates the transferred skeleton component. Thus, the problem of choosing correct points and their indication is crucial for evaluating the body posture. The problem could be solved if it would be possible to replace a point-based model with a surface one. The paper presents research aimed at solving such problems. A 3D model of the human body was generated photogrammetrically, using a digital camera and Topcon PI 3000 software. Image acquisition was effected by means of PBE (Photogrammetrical Body Explorer), a system designed for examination of posture defects.. By using the Microstation software with the MGE package (body surface analysis) and GeoMedia software (GIS analysis) we were able to determine the position of the spine in the coronal and sagittal planes. We also examined a possible asymmetry of the torso and the location of points most important for posture defects of various parts of the body. Results of the analysis allowed us to determine many indices which are also present in the point-based model.